4-1-4-1
不同物種族群相互作用超過很長一段時間，一物種變化可能導致其他物種變化，稱為什麼?
a.coevolution
b.coexecutor
c.coexistence
d.coextension Ans: a
2009年6月16日 星期二
3-3.1.3~~3-3.2.1
Each population in an ecosystem has a range of tolerance to variations in its physical and chemical environment , as shown in figure 3-9.Individuals within a population may also have slightly different tolerance ranges for temperature or other factors because of small differences in genetic makeup , health , and age.For example, a trout population may do best within a narrow band of temperatures(optimum level or range), but a few individuals can survive above and below that band. Of course , if the water becomes much too hot or too cold, none of the trout can survive.
A variety of abiotic factors can affect the number of organisms in a population. Sometimes one or more factors, known as limiting factors, are more important in regulating population growth than other factors. This ecological principle is called the limiting factor principle:too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimal range of tolerance. This principle describes one way in which population control-a scientific principle of sustainability(Figure 1-13,p.20 and back cover,and Concept 1-6,p.19)-is achieved.
每個族群在生態系中對物理和化學環境的忍耐程度有所差異，族群中個體對溫度或其他因素的容忍程度稍微不同，因為基因、健康和年齡的差異.
各種非生物因素可能影響生物族群.有時候，一個或多個因素被稱為限制因素，控制族群增長比其他因素更為重要，這個生態原則被稱為限制因素原則:過多或過少的任何非生物因子可以限制或阻止族群增長，即使所有其他因素都達到或接近最佳容忍範圍，這原則描述一種控制數量的方法.
A variety of abiotic factors can affect the number of organisms in a population. Sometimes one or more factors, known as limiting factors, are more important in regulating population growth than other factors. This ecological principle is called the limiting factor principle:too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimal range of tolerance. This principle describes one way in which population control-a scientific principle of sustainability(Figure 1-13,p.20 and back cover,and Concept 1-6,p.19)-is achieved.
每個族群在生態系中對物理和化學環境的忍耐程度有所差異，族群中個體對溫度或其他因素的容忍程度稍微不同，因為基因、健康和年齡的差異.
各種非生物因素可能影響生物族群.有時候，一個或多個因素被稱為限制因素，控制族群增長比其他因素更為重要，這個生態原則被稱為限制因素原則:過多或過少的任何非生物因子可以限制或阻止族群增長，即使所有其他因素都達到或接近最佳容忍範圍，這原則描述一種控制數量的方法.
2009年6月2日 星期二
4-1.4.1~~4-1.4.2
Some biologists have proposed that when populations of two different species interact over a long period of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other. This process is called coevolution. In this give-and-take evolutionary game, each species is in a genetically programmed race to produce the largest number of surviving offspring.
Consider the interactions between bats and moths. Some bats like to eat moths, and they hunt at night and use echolocation to navigate and locate their prey. To do so, they emit extremely high frequency and high-intensity pulses of sound. They capture the returning echoes and create a sonic "image" of their prey.( We have copied this natural technology by using sonar to detect submarines, whales, and schools of fish. )
第一段:不同物種族群相互作用超過很長一段時間，一物種變化可能導致其他物種變化，稱為協同進化。
第二段:蝙蝠和飛蛾間的相互作用。蝙蝠使用迴聲飛行和定位獵物。
Consider the interactions between bats and moths. Some bats like to eat moths, and they hunt at night and use echolocation to navigate and locate their prey. To do so, they emit extremely high frequency and high-intensity pulses of sound. They capture the returning echoes and create a sonic "image" of their prey.( We have copied this natural technology by using sonar to detect submarines, whales, and schools of fish. )
第一段:不同物種族群相互作用超過很長一段時間，一物種變化可能導致其他物種變化，稱為協同進化。
第二段:蝙蝠和飛蛾間的相互作用。蝙蝠使用迴聲飛行和定位獵物。
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